Drugs
Dosage
Adverse Effects
Remarks
Clarithromycin
7.5-10 mg/kg/day PO BD(max 1 gm/day)
Nausea, Diarrhea, abdominal pain. Rare-Headache, leukopenia, altered taste, elevated transaminases
Clarithromycin inhibits hepatic metabolism of other drugs cleared by the liver, thus potential drug interactions can occur
Azithromycin
10-12 mg/kg/day PO OD(max 500 mg/day)
Nausea, Diarrhea,abdominal pain,ototoxicity. Rare-Headache, leukopenia, elevated transaminases
Useful when drug interactions with clarithromycin are a concern
Ethambutol
15-20 mg/kg/day PO OD(max 1 gm/day)
Optic neuritis, colour blindness, Headache,nausea, peripheralneuropathy, rash,hyperuricemia
Periodic monitoring for vision is required
Rifabutin*
10-20 mg/kg/day PO OD (max 300 mg/day)
Leukopenia, GI upset, polyarthralgias, rash, elevated transaminases, skin and secretion discoloration, anterior uveitis
>Rifabutin dose should be decreased by 50% when co-administered with Ritonavir, Indinavir, Nelfinavir and amprenavir. Dose of Rifabutin should be increased by 50% - 100% when co-administered with Efavirenz
Ciprofloxacin
20-30 mg/kg/day IV/PO (max 1.5 mg/day)
GI upset, Diarrhea, rash and headache. Cartilage damage in children
Use with caution in children 18 years of age due to potential cartilage damage
Amikacin
5-30 mg/kg/day IV / 1 M
Ototoxicity and renal toxicity
* Not available in India.