ISSN 0973 - 9289

Prophylaxis for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB)

Prophylaxis

All HIV infected children with positive Mantoux test (MT) and no evidence of active TB or no history of previous treatment for TB should be treated for latent TB.
Regimen - 6 months of INH / Rifampicin (INH alone may be given if resistance to INH is less than 5% in the general population)
HIV infected children (less than 5 years of age) in close contact with person with Open TB should be treated for latent TB regardless of their MT test and previous treatment for TB after excluding active TB.
Regimen - 6 months of INH / Rifampicin (INH alone may be given if resistance to INH is less than 5% in the general population)
Secondary prophylaxis is a child who has been successfully treated for TB should not be given
Routine TB prophylaxis for HIV infected children is not recommended.

Drug	Dosage	Adverse Effects	Remarks
INH	5-10 mg/kg/day PO OD	Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuritis, mild CNS effects Hyper sensitivity reaction	Pyridoxine is recommended in children in all symptomatic HIV disease
Rifampicin	10-20 mg/kg/day PO OD	Stains urine, tears, sweat, contact lenses and other body fluids orange. GI upset, skin rash, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, cholestatic jaundice	Rifampicin accelerates clearance of Protease Inhibitors (PIs) & Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) resulting in sub therapeutic levels of the drug

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