Drugs used for the treatment of Tuberculosis
Drug
Dosage
Adverse Effects
Remarks
INH
5-10 mg/kg /day PO OD.
Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuritis, mild CNS effects Hyper sensitivity reaction.
Pyridoxine is recommended in children in all symptomatic HIV disease.
Rifampicin
10-20 mg/kg/day PO OD.
Stains urine, tears, sweat, contact lenses and other body fluids orange. GI upset, skin rash, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, cholestatic jaundice
Rifampicin accelerates clearance of PIs & NNRTIs resulting in sub therapeutic levels of the drug
Pyrazinamide
30 mg/kg/day < PO OD
Hepatotoxicity, Hyperuricemia, Arthralgia, skin rash, GI intolerance
Monthly evaluation of vision is recommended
Ethambutol
15 mg/kg/day PO OD
Optic neuritis, colourblindness, headache,nausea, peripheralneuropathy, rash,hyperuricemia
Streptomycin
20-30 mg/kg/day IM
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Alternative drugs
Ethionamide
15-20 mg/kg/day PO OD
Nausea, loss of appetite, Abdominal pain, Hepatitis, Arthralgia, Gynaecomastia, photosensitive dermatitis, hypothyroidism, metallic taste in the month.
Use for drug resistant TB or CNS TB. Periodic functions is recommended.
Kanamycin
15-20 mg/kg/day IM
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Use for drug resistant TB.
Amikacin
15 mg/kg/day IM/IV
Ototoxicity (lesser rate), Nephrotoxicity.
Capreomycin
15-25 mg/kg/day IV / IM
Ciprofloxacin
10-15 mg/kg/day PO OD/BD
GI upset, Diarrhea, rash, Headache, cartilage damage.
Use with caution in children 18 years due to potential damage on growing cartilage.
Cycloserine
10-20 mg/kg/day OD PO
Emotional & behavioral disturbances, convulsions peripheral neuropathy.
Use for drug resistant TB. If administered with INH, co-administration of pyridoxine is recommended.
Para-amino salicylic acid (PAS)
200-300 mg/kg PO in 3-4 divided doses.
GI upset, hypersensitivity reaction, hepatitis.